Monday, October 31, 2016

3 Ways You Can Use Meditation to Relieve Stress

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You're reading 3 Ways You Can Use Meditation to Relieve Stress, originally posted on Pick the Brain | Motivation and Self Improvement. If you're enjoying this, please visit our site for more inspirational articles.

3 Ways You Can Use Meditation To Relieve Stress

“If the problem can be solved why worry? If the problem cannot be solved worrying will do you no good.” ― Śāntideva

If there is one thing that held me back for the better part of my life, then it was stress and fear of rejection. I spent my adolescent years, growing up in an environment that took drinking alcohol and consuming drugs for granted, and the idea of healthy living was never on the table.

We all go through some learning lessons in this life, some take longer than others to understand, but ultimately the goal of life is to find happiness within, but when overwhelming stress and fears of rejection are standing in your way -- making those first steps can become quite the challenging experience.

I know this feeling by heart, because when the time came to make serious adjustments in my life and leave the old behind, I was left with a turmoil of emotions and big questions as to what my life had become after having had a run of being an addict for more than 5 years.

Little by little I began to pull myself back together. The scars of old friends and lost memories were still there, but having set myself on the path of meditation quickly showed me that there are alternatives in life, such as healthier choices, meaningful relationships, and stress-free living.

When stress has built up.

My biggest fear, as mentioned, was fear of rejection. I know now that part of the reason was because of lack of self-acceptance that I had for myself. Drugs was a convenient solution to forget about my problems, and instead of dealing with obstacles in my way, I would mindlessly spend my resources for temporary boosts of happiness.

Meditation has taught me that happiness resides within, and that it is an accessible emotion available to anyone, all it takes is a little bit of patience and determination to look within as to what are the things standing in the way of your own true happiness.

That is why I want to show you today, how meditation can help you relieve your own stress, and how it can help you to understand yourself better as a conscious human being -- someone who is part of something much bigger than just problems alone.

#1: Meditation promotes self-awareness

Self-awareness is the conscious knowledge of one's own character, feelings, motives, and desires. I recall the amount of emotional turmoil I had to go through in order to break through some of my densest layers of fears, but it also taught me this:

We humans are like a library, before we acknowledge our own self-awareness the library is a complete mess, nothing makes sense. Yet when we tune-in within our inner-library, we understand that with a little bit of organization we can rearrange this library to have everything sit exactly where it needs to sit; just like books do in a real library.

When you become self-aware of your own body and mind, you gain an invaluable tool for organizing your life in a way that resonates deeply with your own heart, and there’s really no better medicine for the soul that being in alignment with the desires of the heart.

For me, this desire ended up being the need to help others understand themselves better, and how they can too, reach a higher understanding of themselves, and the planet that we all share.

#2: Meditation is about breathing consciously

You may go through a range of meditation techniques before you find the right one for you, but ultimately they all come back to a single factor -- meditation is about observing your breath.

When you are relaxed, your breath gently flows in and out of your nose. Being deliberate (conscious) with your breathing patterns will automatically calm your nervous system and promote a sense of well-being.

Stress, fears and anxiety promote adrenal breathing which causes you to think that taking big and deep breaths fast is going to reduce your uncomfortable feelings, yet the effect is the exact opposite as you continue to fuel your adrenal response.

Meditation has taught me that breathing should come naturally, it’s a natural function of the human body, and rather than having to force the breaths in and out, we can choose to become mindfully aware of our breathing patterns and how they impact our levels of stress and anxiety.

#3: Meditation brings you in alignment with life

I can’t even begin to fathom as to how many times I have experienced what’s commonly known as existential crisis since having been on this spiritual journey. I think many of us arrive at this point in life after having gone through some challenging hardships.

Drugs left behind a big stain of dirt on my whole being, and eventually it started taking a toll on me. I kept running into questions like “Who am I?”, “What is the purpose of life?” and so forth. Hindsight I learned that these questions helped me to better shape myself as a person, someone who understands the challenges of needing to change, and has allowed me to connect deeper with the alignment of my own life.

I attribute this phenomena to the natural evolution of consciousness as you’re beginning to unravel any layers of security through your meditation practice. The beauty of meditation is that it naturally presents us with that which is holding us back, and with time we learn a way to let go of that heavy baggage that no longer serves a purpose.

Then, things like synchronicity start to become a daily occurrence. You’re suddenly running into situations and people that continue to propel you further on your journey of self-discovery.

You have surely heard of the saying “Being in the right place, at the right time.” -- and this is so true for those who remain persistent with meditation, things just start to shift by themselves, and things that used to stress you out in the past are starting to fade in the myst of what was left behind.

Wanting to have a guru in your life to guide you doesn’t always have to be about an ego, as a matter of fact -- it’s a beautiful thing to ask for help on this journey we’re all on. When you ask for help, you’re acknowledging a part of you that needs healing, and you’re only looking for ways to resolve issues that you feel is time to let go of.


Alex Hope is a mindfulness teacher with expertise in healing emotional wounds. Over the years of dealing with emotional trauma, he was inspired to start his own wellness project SkillCode -- a community of seekers who are dedicated to unraveling their true Self through the practice of cultivating self-awareness.

You've read 3 Ways You Can Use Meditation to Relieve Stress, originally posted on Pick the Brain | Motivation and Self Improvement. If you've enjoyed this, please visit our site for more inspirational articles.

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October 31, 2016 at 06:31PM

Is a hypnosis app for you? - WGN-TV

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WGN-TV

Is a hypnosis app for you?
WGN-TV
Bella Lledos has been a hypnosis client for the past five months. She drifts away from the real world and calms herself under the voice of certified hypnotist Toni Macri-Reine at No Stage Show where an audience watches a person get hypnotized before ...



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October 31, 2016 at 05:07PM

Beyond the Flu Shot - Valley Advocate

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Valley Advocate

Beyond the Flu Shot
Valley Advocate
One form of alternative medicine available in the Pioneer Valley is hypnotherapy. Jean Conway, 17-year National Guild of Hypnotists-certified hypnotherapist with a full-time practice in Greenfield, explains hypnotherapy has both emotional and visual ...



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October 31, 2016 at 04:22PM

Hypnosis is a scientifically verified and effective technique that can promote accelerated human change.

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Hypnosis is a scientifically verified and effective technique that can promote accelerated human change.

NEWSLETTER | ISSUE 194

Learn how to stimulate desired changes in behaviour and encourage mental and physical well-being.
Call our office (US 1-888-440-4823 / AU 1-800-133-433) TODAY to learn the latest hypnosis techniques.

Did you know that you access trance daily – driving, watching television or staring out of the window? The first article, How To Do Hypnosis Like a World Class Hypnotist, by Dr. Adriana James, describes why People use Hypnosis to bypass the critical, conscious mind and how trance can be accessed purposefully to assist in stress reduction, self healing and inner change. Adriana outlines how, by entering this peculiar state of mind, we can access resources unavailable in our day-to-day working state. Learn the empowering technique of Hypnosis to work with your unconscious mind and develop distinctive abilities that allow you to make changes in your thoughts, feelings and behaviours.

The second article, Overcoming Low Self Esteem from the NLP Coaching Perspective Part 5, by Dr. Adriana James, is the final part of the series we are publishing to demonstrate the importance of overcoming low self esteem and HOW to change your self belief, outlined in an additional interview with Drs Adriana and Tad James. The problem of low self esteem is not a problem of your Conscious Mind only, and this is why you cannot solve only with your Conscious Mind’s understanding. The problem is with how the Unconscious Mind has stored our unconscious beliefs about ourselves. At our NLP Coaching trainings, programs and seminars we work with the Unconscious Mind to assist you to let go of what’s lurking beneath the level of consciousness. If you decide to take an NLP Coaching training or a seminar with us, you will learn how to do this easily and then you will be in control of your own thoughts. We give you the HOW to change the beliefs you have now which are disempowering into beliefs which are empowering for you. You deserve to live life as you want!

Introduction written by Danielle Power @ Sydney Office.


Your New Articles, Hints & Tips

How To Do Hypnosis Like a World Class Hypnotist?

by Dr. Adriana James
Oooohh! Hypnosis!!

That strange and mysterious word…some fear, some love, some are indifferent to and some ridicule! There are those who raise lots of questions about hypnosis, not the least of which is, why would anyone use some technique to bypass the critical, conscious mind? I admit, I have met a few people who are still scratching their heads about this one…(Read More)

Overcoming Low Self Esteem from the NLP Coaching Perspective Part 5

by Dr. Adriana James

Overcoming Low Self Esteem Part 02 Interview
Good self-esteem is important because it helps you to hold your head high and feel proud of yourself and what you can do. It gives you the courage to try new things and the power to believe in yourself. It lets you respect yourself, even when you make mistakes. And when you respect yourself, adults and other kids usually respect you, too…
(Read More)


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Schedule of Training 2016 (USA & Australia)

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October 31, 2016 at 04:16PM

Kocher to offer hypnosis classes - Fremont Tribune

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Kocher to offer hypnosis classes
Fremont Tribune
Discounts are available for those who convince another person to sign up. To reserve a slot, ask for discounts or more information, call Kocher at 402-317-2809. Kocher is a certified hypnotherapist and member of the International Board of Hypnotherapy.



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October 31, 2016 at 01:51PM

Relaxing Travel Music & Journey Songs 3 HOURS Soothing Ambient Music

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=maDBwq2sKp0

Hot Dogs Offer Window into Dog Emotions

Dream Recall Hypnosis

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I3uvd1TIb9g

Abraham Hicks - Teaching others abundance

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aab3FaY6-lc

Abraham Hicks 2016 - You can reactivate things from the past at any time

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UxUV7GBSGic

How One Little Mindset Tweak Transformed My Life & Business - Huffington Post

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Huffington Post

How One Little Mindset Tweak Transformed My Life & Business
Huffington Post
For many years, I thought of myself as someone who is NOT a public speaker. Sitting at the introvert end of the scale, I often found myself quaking in my boots at the thought of merely introducing myself in a work meeting, let alone standing up in ...

and more »


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October 31, 2016 at 11:51AM

Mouse Transformation Hypnosis

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The 2016 UK Hypnosis Convention – My Report

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Here I am, sat in my office and still feeling a tad bleary eyed and tired following the UK Hypnosis Convention. I travelled up to London from Bournemouth early afternoon on Friday with my friend and colleague Lindsay Shepherd. After a taxi ride with our banners and suitcases, we met with a fabulous group of […]

The post The 2016 UK Hypnosis Convention – My Report appeared first on Adam Eason.



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October 31, 2016 at 11:17AM

Kocher to offer hypnosis classes - Fremont Tribune

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Kocher to offer hypnosis classes
Fremont Tribune
Jeanne Kocher, hypnotist practitioner, will teach self-hypnosis for stress management on Tuesday evenings, starting Nov. 8. Classes will be held at Blue Yoga Studios, 529 N. Main St., in Fremont. The cost is $200 for four class sessions. Discounts are ...



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October 31, 2016 at 10:01AM

True Story: One Father’s Struggle with Postpartum Depression

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Human_Failure_BSP

Dads get the “baby blues” too.

People might not realize this, but, after the birth of a child, both women and men can encounter symptoms of postpartum depression. I’m speaking from experience here.

After the birth of my daughter, which endures as one of the happiest moments of my life, I found myself struggling with unexpected waves of anxiety, fear, and depression.

It was horrible, and what made it worse, was that I was very uncomfortable talking about it.

8 Heartbreaking Secrets ALL Men Keep From The Women They Love

Here’s why — don’t you hate it when a couple says “we’re pregnant”?

I do. Because the dude isn’t pregnant. He’s not going to have to squeeze a bowling ball out of his downstairs business, so, c’mon, give credit where credit is due — SHE is pregnant and the guy is along for the ride.

I’ve never liked it when a man tried to make the pregnancy about him. He plays a part, sure, but, I was always of the opinion that, as a guy, there is NO way that I can ever comprehend the physical and emotional toll of pregnancy, so my role was to sit back, be supportive, and shut up.

And, for the most part, I think that strategy works.

However, I wasn’t prepared for how “shutting up” would negatively impact me AFTER my wife gave birth.

Because becoming a parent stirs up deep, powerful emotions. And, while many of those feelings are overwhelmingly sunny and positive, they can, sometimes, cast a shadow. Those epic highs lend themselves to equally epic lows and, suddenly, you find yourself crying and you don’t know why.

Once we brought my daughter home, I found myself confronted with those overpowering moments of terror and panic and I didn’t say anything about them.

Why? Because my wife had just gone through a freakin’ c-section. She’d spent almost a year getting sick every day, while a living creature grew in her belly, and then doctors had to cut her open to pull the creature out. They then sewed her up, handed her the creature, and expected that she’d know how to feed and care for it.

That’s a lot of shit to put on a person. No question — my wife had it WORSE than I did. There’s no comparison.

However, just because things were harder for my wife doesn’t mean that they weren’t also hard for me. She might win the miserable contest, hands down, but I was still in a really bad place. And I was too embarrassed to let my support network know that I needed them.

The more I’ve talked to new fathers, the more common I realize this experience is.

We’ve all just watched our partners go through one of the most intense physical experiences in the world, so we just feel ashamed to admit that we’re hurting a little too. It feels like our struggles are frivolous in comparison, but the fact is they’re very, very real and painful. Postpartum depression can be painfully real for men too, even if it’s embarrassing.

It all came to a head for me the first evening I spent alone with my daughter.

I’d encouraged my wife to go out with some friends — she’d only consented to leave for a few hours — and told her I’d be fine. Our baby was so good and happy. A little alone time was going to be good for us.

So she left. And my daughter started crying. She rarely cried.

And she cried, as if she’d been set on fire, for three hours non-stop.

I was beside myself. She never did this and, no matter what I tried, I could not get her to stop.

It shredded me, but I knew I couldn’t call my wife. I wanted her to have a fun first night out. I didn’t want her to worry. I was supposed to able to handle this.

My wife called me when she was leaving to come home, and I guess she heard the panic in my voice. She asked if I was OK. My voice cracked and I said, “Just please get here soon.”

She raced home and, the SECOND she stepped into our apartment, my daughter stopped crying. The baby smiled. The baby laughed. The baby goddamn cooed.

I handed her to my confused wife without a word, went into our bedroom, locked the door, laid down on the bed, and cried for thirty minutes.

Once I opened the door again, my wife and I had our first conversation about my postpartum depression.

I will say, my depression was extremely manageable in comparison to some stories I’ve heard. It came in waves that seemed to grow smaller and smaller as I became more comfortable as a father. So I was lucky.

Lucky it wasn’t more severe and lucky that my partner was so supportive (even though, again, she had it SO much worse than I did).

My Kids Like Their Dad More Than They Like Me

But, more than anything, it really opened my eyes about the importance of men needing to talk about postpartum depression.

It doesn’t just happen to women. It is important. And it is valid and OK acknowledge that you’re not feeling right, even when you know your partner is feeling worse.

Men — don’t be afraid to speak up about your anxiety and emotions following the birth of a child.

The healthiest thing you can do, for everyone, is get your feelings out into the open and let your support network do their job, even if they’re breastfeeding and changing diapers while they do it.

This guest article originally appeared on YourTango.com: Yes, Men Suffer From Postpartum Depression Too (Trust Me, I Know).



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October 31, 2016 at 09:54AM

Can Hypnotist Make A Preacher Cuss Out His Congregation

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hxgg9ihd07w

Cards Against Hypnosis leaving students in awe - The Campus Current

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The Campus Current

Cards Against Hypnosis leaving students in awe
The Campus Current
Hypnotist and Magician David Hall performed his famous Cards Against Hypnosis skit in the Student Union dining hall Monday afternoon, leaving the audience awed and laughing. David Hall became interested in hypnosis and magic in 1998, and performs ...



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October 31, 2016 at 09:00AM

Master Hypnotist Steals All The Guys Wallets Thru Suggestion

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gWAbltJzYH8

Rejection By This Parent Does Most Damage To Personality

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Both parents affect your personality, but rejection by one parent could be more critical for long-term development.

Being rejected by your father can do greater, long-lasting emotional damage than being rejected by your mother, research finds.

While rejection by either parent is tramatising for children, fathers often have higher prestige and/or power.

Therefore, children can take their father’s rejection harder.

Professor Ronald Rohner, co-author of the study, said:

“In our half-century of international research, we’ve not found any other class of experience that has as strong and consistent effect on personality and personality development as does the experience of rejection, especially by parents in childhood.

Children and adults everywhere — regardless of differences in race, culture, and gender — tend to respond in exactly the same way when they perceived themselves to be rejected by their caregivers and other attachment figures.”

Rejection by either parent, or both, has a huge effect on children’s personality.

They tend to become more anxious and insecure.

They may also become more hostile and aggressive towards others.

The pain of rejection often lingers into adulthood, preventing people making strong, trusting relationships with other adults.

The emotional pain can be considerable.

The same parts of the brain are activated for emotional pain as for physical pain, other research has found.

Professor Rohner said:

“Unlike physical pain, however, people can psychologically re-live the emotional pain of rejection over and over for years.”

The results come from a review of over 500 studies.

The studies help to emphasise how inaccurate it is to simply ‘blame the mother’ for children’s behaviour problems.

Professor Rohner said:

“The great emphasis on mothers and mothering in America has led to an inappropriate tendency to blame mothers for children’s behavior problems and maladjustment when, in fact, fathers are often more implicated than mothers in the development of problems such as these.”

The study was published in the journal Personality and Social Psychology Review (Khaleque & Rohner, 2012).



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October 31, 2016 at 07:33AM

Even Thinking About Nearby Smartphones or Tablets May Disrupt Kids' Sleep

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By Kathryn Doyle

(Reuters Health) - Children and teens with access to tablets and smartphones at night don't get enough sleep and are sleepier during the day, whether or not they use the devices, according to a new review.

The review of 20 previous studies found kids using portable media devices around bedtime were more than twice as likely as kids who didn't use them to have short sleep times, but so were kids who had access to such devices at night but didn't use them.

"A lot of people argue that it's the device light emission that leads to sleep outcomes, but even if you're not using it, even having the presence of the device near you affects sleep," said lead author Ben Carter of King's College London.

"My personal view is it's due to continuous stimulation from things like social media engagement," and that there may be a similar relationship with adults, Carter told Reuters Health.

"Your social group is active and you can be thinking about it," he said. "If I text a loved one an hour before bed then I'm hoping I might get a reply."

The reviewers included studies of children aged 6 to 19 years that measured exposures to portable media like tablets and smartphones, but excluded studies that looked at television, personal computers or sources of electromagnetic radiation. In total, the included studies covered more than 125,000 children.

Bedtime media device use was consistently linked to difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep and poor daytime function due to sleepiness. Bedtime device use was also tied to insufficient sleep times of less than 10 hours per night for children and less than nine hours for teens.

Kids with bedtime access to these devices at least three times a week around bedtime, or with a device in the sleep environment, also had poorer measures of sleep quality and quantity than kids with less or no access, according to the results in JAMA Pediatrics, October 31st.

"It's normal to wake up during the night but when the phone is there, many people instead of just turning over will tap on the phone ostensibly to check the time, will see 15 text messages from their buddy or whatever, then 2 hours later they're going back to bed," said Dr. Charles Czeisler, director of the Sleep Health Institute and chief of the Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston.

"It's very engaging technology and when it's present in the bedroom it reduces sleep duration," said Czeisler, who coauthored an editorial alongside the review.

Two-thirds of teens leave a device on while sleeping in bed at night, and turning the device off or moving it to another room can make a big difference, he told Reuters Health.

"Device use is ubiquitous and they are hugely beneficial in some cases," Carter said. "However we need to recognize that there are negative consequences of some device use."

Some devices can be programmed to switch off at a certain hour, which Carter would strongly encourage, he said.

Poor sleep has been tied to many health outcomes, among them dementia, Carter noted. "Sleep is an exposure that we take for granted, is free and we don't take enough notice of it."



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October 31, 2016 at 07:14AM

A Little Happier: Preparation Is a Key Aspect of Performance.

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school-desks

Did you ever give any thought to how exams were distributed and collected? Or any other aspects of preparation for a task?

I’ve long been haunted by this line: “Be sure to read all instructions carefully; turn over your test papers and begin.” In fact, in my college application essay, that was the final line.

In writing Better Than Before, I spent a lot of time thinking about how beginnings and endings can influence our ability to shape our habits — the Strategy of the Clean Slate, the Strategy of First Steps, and the Strategy of Reward are two strategies where they show up.

Beginnings and endings matter a lot. I pay much more attention to them than I used to do.

Check out Yogi Tea. When it comes to enjoying life, little moments — like drinking a delicious cup of tea — can make a big difference.

Want to get in touch? I love hearing from listeners:

 

Happier listening!

The post A Little Happier: Preparation Is a Key Aspect of Performance. appeared first on Gretchen Rubin.

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October 31, 2016 at 07:10AM

How To Live a More Meaningful Life

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Seven steps to a more meaningful life includes meditation, movement and maximisation.

Top of the list for living a meaningful daily life is being more mindful, according to occupational therapist Dr. Melanie Austin-McCain.

She says:

“Be present, smile, humble yourself, and acknowledge others.

With mindfulness, you’re really in the present and focusing on your senses and your experiences — what you are feeling, thinking, and doing.”

Healthy daily routines and long-term goals are so important for a meaningful life, Dr McCain says:

“Evidence shows that having a purpose in life is helpful in promoting health and preventing chronic disease.

It’s about finding out about who you are, the things you like do and that are meaningful for you and setting goals that align with those things.”

Here are the six other steps that Dr McCain recommends:

1. Meditation

It’s not productive to set daily goals for meditation, according to Dr McCain.

Instead, it is better to set aside some time to simply sit quietly and review your goals for the day and think about your intentions.

• Read more about the benefits of meditation, including a quick-start guide on how to meditate.

2. Movement

Keep the mind and body active every day, says Dr McCain.

The benefits of exercise are well known, of course, but the mind needs stretching in just the same way.

Try new things from time-to-time and use new strategies to approach old problems.

3. Management

Everyone should occasionally take a little time to take a broader view of their own life.

  • Where am I going?
  • Am I spending my time in the best way?
  • What improvements could be made?

These sorts of ‘management’ sessions could include thinking about diet, exercise, relationships or anything else that is important to you.

4. Maximisation

Use a “future is mine” mindset, says Dr McCain.

Remind yourself of your own potential and that of others.

5. Meaningfulness

Try to find the happiness and joy in the things you do.

Part of this is acknowledging those who provide you support, Dr McCain says:

“Meaningfulness is more like gratitude — awareness and appreciation of the things around you.”

6. Mentoring

It is beneficial to take on a mentor in different areas of life, as well as being a mentor for others, says Dr McCain.



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October 31, 2016 at 06:21AM

Senate Seat Races That Could Impact Science

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In these final days before the 2016 election keep an eye on Maryland, New Hampshire and Missouri, where contested seats may have ramifications for science in the U.S.

This video was reproduced with permission and was first published on October 29, 2016. It is a Nature Video production.



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October 31, 2016 at 06:05AM

Why Political Pessimism Trumps Optimism

Dealing with the Looming Cloud of the Possibility of Early Death

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Storm rainy clouds with flash over small villageFive years ago, I had breast cancer. To rid myself of it, I had chemotherapy, radiation and a double mastectomy.

Flash forward five years. One day, I noticed a strange, bright red splotch on my breast, the breast where the cancer had been. The doctor did a biopsy of it, and the results came back malignant. It was an angiosarcoma, and the suspected cause was the radiation treatment I’d had five years before. This was a very rare form of cancer that, again, results sometimes from the radiation itself. That which was meant to heal me, made me ill.

On June 10, 2016, I had surgery to remove the cancer.

Fine and dandy. They got clean margins. Then, something awful happened. I was told that I had to have a CT scan to see if the cancer had spread throughout my body. (Nobody told me this beforehand.)

Enter fear, despair and disappointment. Enter the possibility of cancer and, therefore, the possibility of early death.

How am I dealing with this looming cloud of grief that is hanging over my head?

Below are some of my most useful techniques.

Ignore

I know it’s there, but I push the fear out of my mind. This is kind of like swatting away a nasty fly. You wave your hand, and the pesky insect disappears for a second. Repeat the process ad infinitum.

Wallow

Cry, cry, cry, worry, worry, worry. You cry until you have bruises under your eyes. The worry makes you physically sick.

Tranquilize

Lorazepam and chocolate ice cream. When you can deal with the threat no longer, you pop an Ativan. To your surprise, eating chocolate ice cream with real chocolate pieces does the same thing as the pill does.

Laugh

My cousin, Mary, volunteers at a hospice. She tells me that she makes ice cream sundaes for the patients every Saturday night. You say you might be in that hospice soon. She tells you she will make you an ice cream sundae every Saturday. You both laugh. Chuckling helps, but also gives you a strange, eerie feeling.

Forget

Get so busy that you forget. The house needs cleaned. The laundry needs done. The dinner needs cooked. By engaging in the day-to-day necessities, you somehow fail to remember your situation.

Shop

Retail therapy helps everything. You go to JC Penney in search of brown, V-neck, short-sleeved tee shirts. You’ve previously been to every store in a ten-mile radius and haven’t been able to locate them. You find the shirts! Your great retail success wipes out all bad thoughts. Sometimes shopping can cure anything.

Pray

Ask God for help. This is my most used technique in dealing with my fear of cancer. Jesus saves. He created the universe. He can save me from metastasis.

Talk

Enlist the voices of friends. Dissecting all the ins and outs of the issue with my best buddies is hugely relieving.

Commiserate

Diane, my close friend, also has cancer. Talking to her, who is fighting the same battle I am, is an exquisite balm for the pain I’m feeling. She tells you that she feels that her ship is sinking. I say mine is, too. Sharing this little cliché is like taking Taxol or B17 (depending on your point of view.)

Hope

I hang onto any shred of positivity I can find. I found the cancer early on. I had it cut out in its early stages. The cancer was very small and only on the surface of the skin.

Mother

I tell myself, “If I have cancer, everything will be OK.” Sometimes, we have to be our own Mom. Coo “Everything will be fine.”

Deal

Face reality. Sing “Stop Your Sobbing.” Chrissie Hynde to the rescue.

Write

Writing is my true salvation. Analysis and evaluation, with a bit of humor thrown in, are keys. Hence this little blog post.

In a few days, I’ll know whether I have more cancer in my body or if I’m cancer-free. I’ll discover the answer to the current huge question of my life.

Until then, I’ll continue to use these little strategies to get through the day.

It could be worse. I could be drowning my sorrows in food or alcohol or illicit drugs. But over the years, I’ve developed self-control with what I put into my body.

Ironically, exercise is not on this list. And we all know exercise is an excellent stress killer.

In truth, I’m too weak from the surgery to exercise.

It’s as simple as this: I will keep calm, and employ the techniques above.

What else is a body to do?



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October 31, 2016 at 04:50AM

The Four Agreements (Thank you, Don Miguel Ruiz) - Tapping with Brad Yates

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tIR5kovZa6U

“Could you repeat that?” Study links hearing loss to brain aging

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hearing_brainIt’s Not Your Ears, It’s Your Brain (UMD release):

“Could you repeat that?” The reason you may have to say something twice when talking to older family members at Thanksgiving dinner may not be because of their hearing. Researchers at the University of Maryland have determined that something is going on in the brains of typical older adults that causes them to struggle to follow speech amidst background noise, even when their hearing would be considered normal on a clinical assessment.

In an interdisciplinary study published by the Journal of Neurophysiology, researchers Samira Anderson, Jonathan Z. Simon, and Alessandro Presacco found that adults aged 61–73 with normal hearing scored significantly worse on speech understanding in noisy environments than adults aged 18–30 with normal hearing.”

Study: Evidence of degraded representation of speech in noise, in the aging midbrain and cortex (Journal of Neurophysiology)

  • Abstract: Humans have a remarkable ability to track and understand speech in unfavorable conditions, such as in background noise, but speech understanding in noise does deteriorate with age. Results from several studies have shown that in younger adults, low frequency auditory cortical activity reliably synchronizes to the speech envelope, even when the background noise is considerably louder than the speech signal. However, cortical speech processing may be limited by age-related decreases in the precision of neural synchronization in the midbrain. To better understand the neural mechanisms contributing to impaired speech perception in older adults, we investigated how aging affects midbrain and cortical encoding of speech when presented in quiet and in the presence of a single competing talker. Our results suggest that central auditory temporal processing deficits in older adults manifest in both the midbrain and in the cortex. Specifically, midbrain frequency following responses to a speech syllable are more degraded in noise in older adults than in younger adults. This suggests a failure of the midbrain auditory mechanisms needed to compensate for the presence of a competing talker. Similarly, in cortical responses, older adults show larger reductions than younger adults in their ability to encode the speech envelope when a competing talker is added. Interestingly, older adults showed an exaggerated cortical representation of speech in both quiet and noise conditions, suggesting a possible imbalance between inhibitory and excitatory processes, or diminished network connectivity, that may impair their ability to efficiently encode speech.

Related articles:



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October 31, 2016 at 03:44AM

The 2016 UK Hypnosis Convention – My Report

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Here I am, sat in my office and still feeling a tad bleary eyed and tired following the UK Hypnosis Convention. I travelled up to London from Bournemouth early afternoon on Friday with my friend and colleague Lindsay Shepherd. After a taxi ride with our banners and suitcases, we met with a fabulous group of […]

The post The 2016 UK Hypnosis Convention – My Report appeared first on Adam Eason.



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October 31, 2016 at 03:01AM

CBT Can Help Older People with Insomnia

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CBT Can Help Older People with Insomnia

Sleep difficulties are common — 30 percent to 50 percent of adults report having trouble sleeping.

For older adults, insomnia can often be chronic and is linked to other serious health conditions. Elders who have difficulty sleeping are also at higher risk for depression, falls, stroke and trouble with memory and thinking. They also may experience a poorer quality of life.

For these individuals, sedatives or hypnotic-type sleeping pills are a common choice as a sleep aid, however, the medications bring a risk of falls, fractures and even death.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is a type of talk therapy that is considered highly effective for treating older adults with insomnia. During CBT-I sessions, therapists work with patients to help them change their thinking, behavior, and emotional responses related to sleep issues, which can improve their insomnia.

Although treatment guidelines recommend CBT-I as a primary therapy for older adults with insomnia, many people do not receive it because only a limited number of therapists have CBT-I training. Primary care providers also may believe that it is challenging to motivate older adults to see a therapist for insomnia.

To address these problems, a team of researchers developed a new CBT-I treatment program. The program uses trained “sleep coaches” who are not therapists. They learn how to give CBT-I using a manual and have weekly, supervised telephone calls with a CBT-I psychologist.

The program requires brief training for the sleep coaches, who are social workers or other health educators.

In their study published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, the researchers assigned 159 people to one of three treatment groups. The participants were mostly white male veterans who ranged in age from 60- to 90-years-old.

The first two groups of people received CBT-I from sleep coaches (who had a master’s degree in social work, public health, or communications) who had attended the special CBT-I training. One group of people received one-on-one CBT-I sessions with the sleep coach.

The second group also received CBT-I , but in a group format. People in the third group (the control group) received a general sleep education program, which also consisted of five one-hour sessions over six weeks. These people did not receive CBT-I from sleep coaches.

During the five one-hour sessions over a six-week period, in both the one-on-one and group sessions, the coaches counseled participants about improving sleep habits and how to avoid practices that can make it harder to sleep well.

Participants were taught techniques to enhance good sleeping. Recommendations such as using the bed only for sleeping, not for watching TV or reading, limiting the amount of time in bed so sleep becomes more consolidated, and other techniques were provided.

In both groups, the sleep coaches also had one weekly telephone call with a CBTI-trained psychologist to review how the participants were doing with the program.

Researchers collected information about the participants’ sleep habits at the beginning of the study and one week after treatments ended. They also followed up with participants six months and one year later.

Following their treatment, people with insomnia who received CBT-I from a sleep coach (either one-on-one or in a group) had lessened their sleep problems significantly, compared to people in the control group.

Improvements included:

• Participants took about 23 minutes less to fall asleep;
• Participants’ awake time was about 18 minutes less once they fell asleep;
• Participants’ total awake time was about 68 minutes less throughout the night;
• Participants also reported that the quality of their sleep had improved.

Six and 12 months after treatment, the participants in both CBT-I treatment groups maintained most of their sleep improvements.

The researchers said that improvements in sleep were about the same whether people worked with the sleep coach in one-on-one or group sessions.

The primary limitations of the research accompany study composition as investigators report the study was mostly limited to male veterans. As such, the results might not be the same for women or for non-veterans.

Overall, the researchers concluded that this CBT-I treatment program, delivered by sleep coaches, improved sleep quality for older adults.

Source: American Geriatrics Society



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October 31, 2016 at 02:31AM

Sleeping While Awake

Celebrity Experiences Reduce Stigma Attached to Out-of-Wedlock Childbirths

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Celebrity Experiences Reduce Stigma Attached to Out-of-Wedlock Childbirths

New sociological research attributes the commonality of unwed celebrity childbirths as helping to change social norms that frowned upon unmarried partners having children.

Hanna Grol-Prokopczyk, a University at Buffalo sociologist, explains that over the past four decades celebrity news has contributed to the changing makeup of the traditional American family.

“Celebrities typically did not apologize for getting pregnant outside of marriage,” says Grol-Prokopczyk. “But the family model also changed over time. The early model dictated that you should marry by the time the baby is born. By the mid-2000s that had changed, and it became widely acceptable in the celebrity world to have a child without marrying first.”

With People magazine as her proxy for popular culture news coverage, Grol-Prokopczyk analyzed nearly 400 cover stories dating from People’s 1974 premier issue to the present to learn when the interest in celebrity pregnancies started and how the magazine’s presentation of family norms changed over time.

She presented her findings at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association. A more detailed study, including calculations of celebrity non-marital birth rates, is currently under peer-review.

“I used People magazine because it’s reputable in the sense that it doesn’t publish fictional stories; it has been in continuous circulation for over 40 years; and it remains one of the most widely circulating magazines in the country,” says Grol-Prokopczyk.

“It also has a strong online presence, with as many as 72 million unique views in a given month.”

Grol-Prokopczyk’s curiosity about the media’s fascination with celebrity baby news began when she was pregnant with her first child. She signed up for news alerts, expecting to get medical and nutrition stories relevant to expectant mothers, but instead received mostly news reports about celebrity pregnancies.

“Academics often scoff at celebrity news, but in fact there’s evidence that celebrity culture is enormously influential in changing norms and has a very wide reach,” she says.

“For example, after Angelina Jolie wrote an op-ed after having her preventative mastectomy, a survey conducted weeks later found that 74 percent of Americans knew about her surgery and the decision.”

This became known as the Angelina Effect, and research on its impact was published in the journal Genetics in Medicine. “That attests to the fact that decisions celebrities make reach us and affect our thinking,” says Grol-Prokopczyk.

Researchers discovered the first People magazine cover that showed a celebrity pregnancy was in May 1976. Goldie Hawn was pictured and the text makes it clear that she’s pregnant and unmarried, but the caption reads, “She’s laughing with a baby and a new hubby on the way.”

“There aren’t many non-marital fertility stories in the 1970s, but when they do appear there’s almost always a promise that the parent will marry by the time the baby is born,” says Grol-Prokopczyk.

“It’s like saying, ‘Don’t worry, readers. They’ll be married by the time the baby arrives.'”

The model was still the same when People magazine announced Melanie Griffith’s pregnancy in 1989, with a caption that said she and Don Johnson were “thinking about an April wedding.”

Beginning in the 1990s, the normative model began to change, and by the mid-2000s, People magazine regularly showed celebrity couples who didn’t marry by the time the baby was born, according to Grol-Prokopczyk. These non-marital births were almost without exception presented as happy, morally unproblematic events.

“This includes women who were partnered but didn’t plan to marry the partner, but it also includes so-called ‘single mothers’ who we now know were in committed same-sex relationships, in particular Jodie Foster and Rosie O’Donnell,” she says.

Seven covers about Foster and O’Donnell appeared between 1996 and 2002. None of them acknowledge that the women were in same-sex relationships, and two of them directly referred to the women as “single mothers.”
“Based on biographies of them now, we know they were in long-term, committed relationships at the time,” says Grol-Prokopczyk.

“People magazine was slow to show acceptance of same-sex parents, preferring to present them as single parents. This example shows that while celebrity media coverage can serve as an agent for social change — by de-stigmatizing non-marital childbearing or transgenderism, for instance — it does not always do so,” she says.

Source: University of Buffalo



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October 31, 2016 at 01:49AM

The Beat Goes Off: Scientists Pinpoint the Loss of Musical Perception - A lesion study tracks an acquired inability to perceive music to the brain’s right-hemisphere

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A community for those who are interested in the mind, brain, language and artificial intelligence.


Want to know more? Take a look at our reading list here. If you have any suggestions for further inclusions, post them here.




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October 31, 2016 at 01:39AM

Studying “fast chess” to see how decision making varies through the day

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38477719_ce9d3dc8a3_bBy Christian Jarrett

We’ve all had the experience of trying to make a tricky decision through the fog of fatigue, but there’s surprisingly little objective evidence about how time of day affects the way we decide. Perhaps late-day tiredness makes us more rash, as we lack the energy to be considered. Alternatively, maybe it’s our mid-morning zest that could lead us to be  impetuous. Of course, our own chronotype is also likely come into play – perhaps morning people – “larks” – make better decisions in the morning, whereas evening people – “owls” – make better decisions in the evening.

One place to look for answers is in the data trails left by our online behavior. For a new paper in Cognition, a team led by María Leone has analysed the moves made by dozens of internet “fast chess” players, some of whom have played tens of thousands of two or three-minute games, consisting of an even greater number of moves. The results suggest that regardless of chronotype, we’re inclined to make progressively faster, less accurate decisions as the day wears on, with the effect plateauing in mid-afternoon. 

The researchers asked the participating players – all of whom have playing data recorded on the Free Internet Chess Server – to complete a measure of their chronotype. Thirty-three per cent were owls, 9 per cent were larks and the remainder somewhere in between. As expected, the records showed the players had tended to play more games at their preferred times of day.

Ignoring early-game moves which are often based on rote-learned strategies, or moves made when game time was almost up, the analysis showed that player moves tended to be of a more conservative style in the morning, meaning the moves were judged as more optimal, but they were also made more slowly – the researchers call this a “prevention” focus, in the sense of preventing an error (past research has shown that this is the style people typically adopt when playing a superior opponent). By contrast, afternoon and night moves were more “promotion” focused, in that they were made more quickly, but less optimally. Although this pattern was found across all chronotypes, the trend for morning moves to be slower than afternoon and evening moves was more striking for larks.

It’s worth noting that Leone and her colleagues do not interpret this as evidence that decision making simply deteriorates through the day. In fast chess, you lose if you run out of playing time, so there are clear advantages to deciding quickly. Consistent with this interpretation, there was no evidence that players’ overall performance (as revealed by post-match changes to their online skill rating) varied with time of day.

This study provides a great example of how researchers are increasingly exploiting “big” online data to explore psychological effects in real-life settings. It’s not clear how far we can extrapolate from these results to decision making in other contexts, but certainly the implication is that we’re likely to be more cautious and considered in the morning, and more quick and bold in the afternoon or evening – perhaps worth noting when it comes to scheduling a business negotiation or even the time of day to do your grocery shopping.

Time to decide: Diurnal variations on the speed and quality of human decisions

Image via Rom/Flickr

Christian Jarrett (@Psych_Writer) is Editor of BPS Research Digest




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October 31, 2016 at 01:36AM

How to Stop Pleasing Other People (REVEALS PSYCHOLOGIST)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mtylq30kbBo

Therapy Dogs Provide Reward for ASD Behavioral Improvements

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Therapy Dogs Provide Reward for ASD Behavioral Improvements

Innovative new research discovers a novel reward of having the opportunity to interact with therapy dogs, can improve behavior among children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

ASD may result in deficits in social communication and interaction, repetitive or restricted behavior, sensory issues and cognitive delays, say researchers. These traits prevent children on the spectrum from performing or completing tasks in the same timeliness or fashion as other children.

Often, in order to get children with ASD to complete tasks, a reward-based system is implemented, where the child is given a toy or some other form of reward. But the offer of a reward doesn’t always guarantee completion of the task.

In a new study, Texas Tech University researchers investigate if providing access to therapy dogs as the reward — allowing students who complete certain academic tasks to spend time with the pooch – will help motivate them to complete those tasks.

“It is a reward-based program,” said Alexandra Protopopova, a behavioral analyst and assistant professor in companion animal science in the Department of Animal & Food Sciences.

“There is a second component to it, however, in that dogs, just by being dogs, may alleviate stress. Potentially, the dogs create a more pleasant environment and offer emotional support during academic sessions.”
Investigators believe the dogs create a more pleasant environment and offer emotional support during academic sessions.

“So, by mediating that stress level, the dogs may improve learning and potentially improve other outcomes as well as being a reward for the child ruing work.”

Protopopova is an expert in behavior issues with dogs across a wide array of subjects, from interaction with children with ASD to analyzing what behaviors are more attractive for potential adopters and ways to bring those behaviors out to improve adoption rates.

But she said the methods and philosophies of how behavior works in animals is, at the core, the same as it is in children, and it is that connection that made this current research both attractive and interesting.

“With an iPad or toy as a reward, a child might become bored over time,” Protopopova said. “With a dog you might see the exact opposite situation over time where the child grows attached to the dog and the quality of the reward grows as well.”

The innovative approach was spurned by Protopopova and a colleague in the College of Education, Professor Jeanne Donaldson, who wanted to connect the college and the Burkhart Center for Autism Education and Research with the Department of Animal & Food Sciences.

The most natural way to make that connection, she said was to incorporate therapy dogs with the research being done involving applied behavior analysis in children with disabilities.

“Social behavior and social interaction has been an often neglected component of these kinds of programs,” Protopopova said, “and that is something researchers have attempted to improve, that social behavior and communication.

There is some evidence that dogs or animals in general occasionally could bring out that social connection. That part of the research is definitely attractive to us.”

Measuring the effectiveness of using therapy dogs as a reward for academic performance in children with ASD was performed in two areas.

The first was done biologically; stress responses were detected through the collection of saliva. Breanna Harris, a research assistant professor in the Department of Biological Sciences, used salivary cortisol, a stress hormone, to determine a student’s stress level in regard to anticipating interaction with the dog.

The second aspect of measuring effectiveness was done by observing the rate of work in the children and how motivated the children were to engage in academic tasks. Each child was given an individual task based on his or her education level, so those tasks involved the same things they were learning in school at the time or what parents had indicated the child needed extra help with.

A control condition was created where there were not rewards and children received praise only for engaging in academic tasks. A second control group saw children work toward receiving inanimate leisure items such as iPads or toys, which Protopopova said have been proven through prior research to be effective motivational tactics.

Two other control conditions involved the therapy dogs. One condition involved the dogs being used as a reward for work performed and would be present only after that work was completed. The second condition was what Protopopova termed more of the typical animal assisted intervention where the dog was continuously present in the room.

Notably, the conditions where there was no reward at all and where the dog was constantly around proved to be the most ineffective methods of motivation, researchers found.

The two conditions where there were rewards provided upon completion of the work were the most effective; being rewarded with spending time with the therapy dog proved the most effective for some children.

“In fact, for most of the children, this was very useful as a reward because the dog motivated them quite a bit to do the work,” Protopopova said. “We did find, surprisingly to me, that one participant did in fact work where we hypothesized he wouldn’t during a session where the dog was present but not as a reward.”

In many cases, time and experience made a difference.

For example, single-use incidences of using the therapy dog show one thing, but the researchers wanted to determine whether prolonged exposure to the availability of a therapy dog as a reward for performing work continues those results.

For that reason, in this first study, children stayed in the program for anywhere from four to nine months to see if using the same dog repeatedly fosters the child’s attachment to the dog.

Prior to the child beginning the program, he or she is given a behavioral preference assessment where the child is asked to choose his or her favorite thing in the room, whether it’s a toy, an electronic device, a dog, etc.
They also were given the choice of performing the academic test instead. At the end of the program, the child is tested again with the same assessment to see if their preferences had changed.

“We wanted to see how all these preferences for inanimate objects or activities changed,” Protopopova said. “Right now we are still collecting the final pieces of data because we’re still finishing up with a couple of participants. We don’t yet have the clear answers there, but it’s not as straightforward as we imagined, either. For some of the children, we did not see the attachment we hypothesized, or at least any evidence of it in our data so far. But it’s too early to tell.”

Protopopova said one of the advantages of this study is its single-subject design where each child’s program or sessions are designed specifically for that child’s needs. That will allow, if the program is used outside of an educational setting, for other children to enter the program with a focus on their unique behaviors and what is best to encourage them to learn difficult academic or self-care tasks in a non-stressful learning environment.

She said one family in the original group took the data gathered about their child and obtained a dog and will train it as a service dog because of the benefits the data showed for their child.

“This is definitely a strength,” Protopopova said. “Instead of a group design and us concluding that the average child would benefit from some procedure, which is not really that meaningful to individual families, we can give each family specific answers whether their child would or would not benefit from a dog.”

One major question to come out of the preliminary research, she said, is whether using a shelter dog to encourage behavior can be used to determine the severity of the disability. Does it work on children who are higher- or lower-functioning?

Protopopova and other researchers are beginning another one to answer new questions that rose from the original, smaller study.

The larger study will involve at least 30 children, and they are actively recruiting children to enter the study. Those children must be between the ages of 2 and 14 with autism spectrum disorder and/or other developmental disabilities.

The hope is the larger study will allow the research to be used in schools and centers on a regular basis.

“There we can answer more generalized questions,” Protopopova said. “How useful is this and who is it most useful for? Can we tell which children are going to benefit and which ones will not? So when we get those answers we are going to be a bit closer to really giving that program out to schools to say, ‘we have strong evidence that it will be useful for this person or not for this person.”

Source: Texas Tech University



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October 31, 2016 at 01:06AM

Childhood PTSD May Alter Structure of Brain Networks

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Childhood PTSD May Alter Structure of Brain Networks

A new neuroimaging study shows a link between childhood post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and a disruption in the structure of brain networks. The findings, published in the the journal Radiology,  could one dayhelp lead to the development of new treatments for PTSD.

Children are particularly vulnerable to the effects of PTSD. Research has shown that childhood trauma is tied to a variety of neurochemical and hormonal effects that can lead to lasting changes in brain structure and function.

Brain studies with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used to identify vulnerable patients, allowing interventions to begin sooner, potentially preventing any negative brain changes.

For the study, researchers from China used MRI to compare the brain structures of 24 children with PTSD to a control group of 23 trauma-exposed children without PTSD. The children had experienced the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, a massive disaster in south central China that killed almost 70,000 people and injured more than 370,000.

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), an MRI technique that reveals the integrity of the brain’s white matter, was used to evaluate the brain’s connectome —the map of the neural connections in the brain.

The human connectome includes a series of nodes, or brain regions, linked by connections known as edges. Nodes with a relatively high number of edges are referred to as hubs.

“Generally speaking, the structural connectome and the functional connectome are based on different types of raw images, which may be used to investigate the brain’s abnormalities through different views,” said study lead author Qiyong Gong, M.D., Ph.D., from West China Hospital of Sichuan University in Chengdu, China.

The findings revealed significant structural differences between the PTSD and non-PTSD groups. The brains of children with PTSD showed changes suggestive of reduced network efficiency due to damage or disconnection between linked regions.

The study also showed a concerning trend in the structural connectome of PTSD patients. Typically, the brain operates partly as a small-world network in which most nodes can be reached from every other node by only a few steps. A small-world network contributes to the high-efficiency transfer of information between networks.

However, in the brains of PTSD patients, the structural connectome was leaning more toward regularization, a phenomenon in which the neural network moves from a small-world to a more regular network. A regular network is more localized, so it takes many more steps to reach distant nodes.

“In a previous functional and current structural connectome study of the same patient group, we found a shift toward regularization in the brain networks of the PTSD patients relative to controls,” said Gong. “Thus, we speculate that this regularization process may be a general pattern of pediatric PTSD.”

Differences were also discovered in the salience network, a group of brain regions that select which stimuli are deserving of attention. The finding could point to a potential target for future treatment plans in pediatric PTSD.

“These abnormalities suggest that PTSD can be better understood by examining the dysfunction of large-scale spatially distributed neural networks,” said Gong.

The researchers hope to conduct follow-up imaging on at least some of the patients in the study to further study brain changes tied to PTSD.

Source: Radiological Society of North America

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October 31, 2016 at 12:24AM

The Beat Goes Off: Scientists Pinpoint the Loss of Musical Perception

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As many as two thirds of stroke victims find themselves suddenly unable to comprehend music. Beyond bad karaoke, these people fundamentally cannot differentiate pitches or rhythms. The medical term is acquired amusia, and recently scientists have aggregated data from of a large group of people with this condition to pinpoint the critical brain regions involved.

A study published in August in The Journal of Neuroscience found that the brain is incredibly modular when it comes to the perception of music and speech. Whereas lesions giving rise to deficits in language perception—a condition called aphasia—reside in the brain’s left hemisphere, damage associated with amusia are restricted to the right. Aleksi Sihvonen, a neurologist at the University of Turku in Finland and lead author of the study, says he was shocked to see such a clean split. “I think the lateralization was very surprising because the amusic pattern was so clearly in the right,” Sihvonen says. “Based on [functional neuroimaging] and left-hemisphere lesion patients who were amusic, we thought there must be [critical music perception circuitry] in the left, too.”

According to Steven Sparr, a clinical neurologist at Albert Einstein College of Medicine who was not involved in this study, trying to determine the location of music in the brain has been a long process. It goes back to 1861 when French physician Paul Broca discovered that speech resides entirely within a small circuit in the brain’s left hemisphere. So far, there has been no musical lesion case so clean as Broca’s, which has led to more than a century of frustration, Sparr says. Yet there were clues that music and language are dissociable. “A little-known fact is that Broca’s original patient who was unable to speak was able to sing La Marseillaise [the French national anthem] fluently,” Sparr says. “So from the inception of aphasia research [scientists] began to realize that singing and speaking are wired differently.”

Why has the neurological evidence to support this notion proved so elusive? According to Sihvonen, it has to do with the case study approach. Given the idiosyncrasy of brain damage patterns as well as the fact that strokes rarely target tissue related to a single function, it can be difficult to draw strong conclusions from small samples.

What sets the present study apart is that it involved 77 participants, making it by far the most extensive of its kind. To identify the lesion locations that are most closely associated with behavioral deficits across subjects, they used a statistical method called voxel-based lesion symptom mapping (VLSM). This methodology allowed the researchers to identify the local nodes that are critically causal for music perception, in contrast to the global network that lights up when healthy people listen to music in a brain scanner. “During a functional neuroimaging scan, we don’t know if the brain activation is due to mere musical processing,” Sihvonen says. “There can be multiple cognitive processes on top, such as memory, emotions or reward. That’s why [functional] MRI is difficult to interpret.”

To be sure that the lateralization of music perception lesions was not merely an artifact of the VLSM statistics, Sihvonen and his colleagues also followed subjects during their recoveries. Both at the time of stroke and six months later, the researchers measured the extent of the lesions across three groups: those without amusia, those who recovered from amusia and those who remained amusic.

They found that those who remained amusic ultimately ended up losing more brain tissue in the auditory centers of the right hemisphere compared with recovered amusics or nonamusic stroke patients. These results are clinically important because they implicate ongoing atrophy as an important factor in persistent acquired amusia, Sihvonen says. They also reinforce the main finding that the critical areas for music perception are localized in the right hemisphere.

Although this lateralization is clear for the 77 subjects in the study, Sparr points out that only one of them had formal musical training, and prior research indicates the mental representation of music differs vastly for musicians compared with nonmusicians. “The study is very well done and very interesting, but we shouldn’t take it as the be-all, end-all, or push the data to say ‘we found the musical system of the brain,’” Sparr says. “They found the most common one, but it’s certainly not the whole story.”

Looking ahead, Sihvonen says he views large-scale lesion studies as just one piece of the puzzle. Different methods ask fundamentally different questions, and a highly complex issue like music perception requires a multifaceted approach. “It’s very intriguing to say that the amusia-associated lesions in the right hemisphere represent specific loci for music processing in the brain,” Sihvonen says. However, “it most likely involves complex global processes as well.”



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October 31, 2016 at 12:19AM

5 Qualities to Look for in a Life Partner

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Arm Wrestling Challenge Between Young CoupleRomantic relationships are a challenge for everyone.

No matter how great couples look on Facebook, no matter how many loving, hugging, kissing photos you see of your friends, no intimate relationship is trouble free.

That’s because of two facts that are in complete conflict with each other:

Fact #1: All of us have inborn needs for love, care, and attention, which when not met trigger core emotions of anger and sadness in the brain. Over time, we can defend against these needs in a variety of ways. But that doesn’t mean the emotions aren’t happening — we’ve just blocked them from conscious experience.

Fact #2: People in relationships cannot realistically meet all of the needs of their partner.

Given these two facts, inevitably there will be times when we feel unloved, uncared for, unappreciated, hurt and angered. That is not bad. That is not good. This just is!

Research by The Gottman Institute showed that how we handle conflict is a major predictor of relationship longevity. We can become pros at handling conflict. But, we must pick a partner that will work with us to build a long and satisfying relationship.

Below are 5 qualities to look for in a partner. These qualities help ensure you will be able to move through the tough times and even grow closer as a result.

1. The Capacity for Empathy

Empathy is the ability and willingness to put yourself in the skin of another person and imagine how THEY feel. Without a capacity for empathy, treating you with compassion, kindness and consideration will likely not be a priority for your partner.

2. Humor

When relationships are strained, humor can diffuse a struggle and transform a moment from bad to better.

For example, Wayne knew just the right time to use humor with Jenna. He could tell when her mood shifted for the worse. Jenna all of a sudden became critical of Wayne, nitpicking at things she usually didn’t mind. Wayne could sense Jenna was irritated with him.

Instead of getting defensive or withdrawing, two strategies that rarely help, he would say to her with warmth in his eyes and a goofy voice, “Are you trying to pick a fight with me?”

His question stopped Jenna dead in her tracks and forced her to reflect. “Am I trying to pick a fight?” she asked herself. “Yes, I guess I am.”

His humor made it possible for her to become aware of and own her anger. Now that her anger was conscious, she could figure out what was bugging her and talk about it with Wayne directly. She would not have been able to do that were it not for his lighthearted humorous “invitation” to talk.

Humor is not always the right approach. But when it works, it works well.

3. The Willingness to Keep Talking.

Two people who love each other and who are motivated to stay together have the power to work out all conflicts. Working out conflicts, however, takes time, patience, and skillful communication. Partners have to find common ground or be all right with agreeing to disagree.

It takes a while to resolve conflicts because there can be many steps to cover until both people feel heard. Talking involves clarifying the problem, understanding the deeper meaning and importance of the problem, making sure each partner understands the other’s position, allowing for the emotions the topic evokes for each person, conveying empathy for each other, and brainstorming until a solution that feels right for both people is found.

Problems have to be talked out until both people feel better.

4. Understands the Basics of How Emotions Work.

During strife, emotions are running the show. Emotions are hard-wired in all of our brains the same way. No matter how smart or clever we are, no one can prevent emotions from happening, especially in times of conflict and threat. It is only after emotions ignite that we have some choice about how to respond. Some people react immediately, indulging their impulses. That is how fights escalate. Others pause to think before they act. Thinking before we speak or act is best because it gives us much more control over the outcome of our interactions.

Without an understanding of emotions, your partner won’t understand you as well and he might criticize you for your feelings or react badly.

Honoring emotions does not mean you take care of you partner’s emotions at the expense of your own, for that leads to resentment. Honoring your partner’s emotions also does not mean you allow yourself to be abused. It does mean that you care when your partner is upset and try to help.

5. Understands the Importance of Establishing Ground Rules.

In the beginning of a relationship, things usually go smoothly. But when the courtship period ends, differences and disagreements start to come up. Before conflicts emerge, it is a good idea to talk about establishing a set of ground rules for arguments.

Ground rules are the rules for how to fight constructively.

The goal here is to learn specific ways that you can help each other in the midst of a disagreement. For example, you can agree to talk in a calm voice versus shouting at each other.

In setting ground rules, the idea is to anticipate conflict and arguments and rehearse how to do damage control. Your partner learns how NOT to make matters worse for you; and you learn how NOT to make matters worse for him. Because each of you is the expert on yourself, you teach each other what you need when you feel bad, sad, angry, and the like.

Everyone has different triggers.

An eye roll can send one person over the edge while an eye roll has no affect on the other partner at all. So a ground rule might be DON’T ROLL EYES. Actions like: walking out on a person in the middle of a discussion, threatening divorce, making your partner jealous, diminishing each other with insults, or being physically aggressive are all examples of highly threatening moves that trigger primitive survival reactions in the brain. No good ever comes from that. I recommend that together you write down your ground rules.

Finding a partner with these 5 qualities may not be easy. And, you will have to be somewhat vulnerable, summoning courage to talk about these qualities. Hold on to the belief that you are worth it and you deserve to be in a mutually satisfying relationship. Also hold on to the fact that many people in the world, women and men alike, want loving partnerships. The 5 qualities above will guide you in finding your loving partner.



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October 30, 2016 at 11:39PM

Six Questions to Assess If You May Be ‘Addicted’ to Social Media

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bigstock-

Many researchers suspect that overuse of social media can damage one’s relationships.

“Our devotion to technology and social media has changed how we interact with others, and that’s not necessarily a good thing,” said James Roberts, Ph.D., the Ben H. Williams Professor of Marketing in Baylor University’s Hankamer School of Business.

“Yes, there are advantages to technology. But our obsession with smartphones and the lives we live via our social media channels can come at a cost to our real-life relationships.”

Roberts is known internationally for his research on smartphone addiction and how technology (smartphones, specifically) affects relationships and stress levels. He is the author of the book “Too Much of a Good Thing: Are you Addicted to your Smartphone?”

Roberts explained that substance and behavioral addictions have six core components: salience, euphoria, tolerance, conflict, withdrawal symptoms and relapse.

He provides six questions and statements people can use to gauge each of those components and help them understand whether their attachment to social media could be an addiction.

They include:

  1. Salience: Is your social media use deeply integrated into your daily life?
  2.  Euphoria: Do you depend on social media use for excitement throughout the day?
  3. Tolerance: Do you need to spend more time to get a “buzz” from social media?
  4. Withdrawal symptoms: Do you get nervous when you are not on social media?
  5. Conflict: Does your use of social media cause you trouble?
  6. Relapse: have you tried to cut back on your use of social media but failed?

“If you’ve answered ‘yes’ to three or more of these questions, you might need to reconsider your use of social media,” Roberts said. “But don’t worry too much, though. There’s still hope.”

Roberts said the trick to loosening social media’s grip on your life is to find a “digital sweet spot” where you are still connected but you have carved out time for the things that really matter.

“You, your relationships and community are the bedrocks of living a happy and meaningful life,” he said. “They are also the first things that suffer when our lives get out of balance.”

Source: Baylor University



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October 30, 2016 at 11:34PM

reinforcing your wiser self

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phoneNautilus has a piece by David Perezcassar on how technology takes advantage of our animal instinct for variable reward schedules (Unreliable rewards trap us into addictive cell phone use, but they can also get us out).

It’s a great illustrated read about the scientific history of the ideas behind ‘persuasive technology’, and ends with a plea that perhaps we can hijack our weakness for variable reward schedules for better ends:

What is we set up a variable reward system to reward ourselves for the time spent away fro our phones & physically connecting with others? Even time spend meditating or reading without technological distractions is a heroic endeavor worthy of a prize

Which isn’t a bad idea, but the pattern of the reward schedule is only one factor in what makes an activity habit forming. The timing of a reward is more important than the reliability – it’s easier to train in habits with immediate than delayed rewards. The timing is so crucial that in the animal learning literature even a delay of 2 seconds between a lever press and the delivery of a food pellet impairs learning in rats. In experiments we did with humans a delay of 150ms we enough to hinder our participants connecting their own actions with a training signal.

So the dilemma for persuasive technology, and anyone who wants to free themselves from its hold, is not just how phones/emails/social media structure our rewards, but also the fact that they allow gratification at almost any moment. There are always new notifications, new news, and so phones let us have zero delay for the reward of checking our phones. If you want to focus on other things, like being a successful parent, friend or human the delays on the rewards of these are far larger (not to mention more nebulous).

The way I like to think about it is the conflict between the impatient, narrow, smaller self – the self that likes sweets and gossip and all things immediate gratification – and the wider, wiser self – the self than invests in the future and carers about the bigger picture. That self can win out, does win out as we make our stumbling journey into adulthood, but my hunch is we’re going to need a different framework from the one of reinforcement learning to do it

Nautilus article: Unreliable rewards trap us into addictive cell phone use, but they can also get us out

Mindhacks.com: post about reinforcement schedules, and how they might be used to break technology compulsion (from 2006 – just sayin’)

George Ainslie’s book Breakdown of Will is what happens if you go so deep into the reinforcement learning paradigm you explode its reductionism and reinvent the notion of the self. Mind-alteringly good.



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October 30, 2016 at 09:44PM

Sunday, October 30, 2016

Working memory is not fixed-capacity: More activestorage capacity for real-world objects than forsimple stimuli

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A community for those who are interested in the mind, brain, language and artificial intelligence.


Want to know more? Take a look at our reading list here. If you have any suggestions for further inclusions, post them here.




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October 30, 2016 at 05:15PM